Introduction Investment securities are tradable financial instruments such as stocks, bonds, or treasury bills acquired with the expectation of earning returns through income or capital appreciation. They may be held for the short term (e.g., treasury bills and marketable securities) or the long term (e.g., bonds and equities). Over the years, there has been lingering …

Introduction For several years, Nigeria has relied on annual Finance Acts (since 2019) to address gaps in its tax system. While these amendments offered short-term fixes, they could not deliver the comprehensive overhaul needed. Imagine still operating with tax provisions dating back to 1938 in 2025—such outdated laws cannot address modern economic realities or drive …